ABSTRACT
Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are almost always associated with an increased sympathetic activity. To attenuate the presser response, various drugs have been tried. This study aims at finding out if the low dose of clonidine (1.5μg/kg) is best suited for this purpose. Methods: This was a prospective study which involved two groups of patients. Each group had 30 patients who presented for elective, non-cardiovascular surgeries. The patients in group-C received Clonidine (1.5 μg/kg) and the patients in group-N received Normal saline. Heart rate (HR), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and Mean blood pressure (MBP) were recorded before and after intubation and at 1, 5, and 10 mins. The obtained clinical data were analyzed statistically with analysis of variance. Results: In our study, HR, SBP, and DBP and MBP all increased during intubation and thereafter in the control groups. Pretreatment with clonidine (1.5 μg/kg) significantly attenuated the cardiovascular and catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation Conclusion: Preoperative administration of a single dose of clonidine blunted the hemodynamic responses more then the placebo during Laryngoscopy and Intubation with reduced anesthetic requirements.
ABSTRACT
Background: Sympathetic response associated with laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation is a potential cause for a number of complications especially in patients with cardio-vascular compromise. The aim of our study was to evaluate and study the efficiency of intravenous esmolol in the attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in normotensive individuals. Methods: 100 surgical patients of either sex of physical status ASA I/II were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group C (10 ml of 0.9% normal saline) and group E (Esmolol 100 mg IV) given 2 minutes before induction. Baseline parameters - heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and rate pressure product were noted at baseline level, just before induction, 1 min., 3 min., 5 min and 10 minutes after tracheal intubation. Results: Intravenous esmolol showed statistically significant attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation when compared with the control. Conclusion: We conclude that esmolol in a dose of 100 mg given 2 minute before induction is highly effective in attenuation hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation.